How to NOT start two servers on the same port

First of all, you can't start two servers on the same port. Ultimately it will fail. However, you might not want a late notice of this. For example, if you do this:

# In one terminal
$ cd elasticsearch-6.1.0
$ ./bin/elasticsearch
...
$ curl localhost:9200
...
"version" : {
    "number" : "6.1.0",
...

# In *another* terminal
$ cd elasticsearch-6.2.4
$ ./bin/elasticsearch
...
$ curl localhost:9200
...
"version" : {
    "number" : "6.1.0",
...

In other words, what happened to the elasticsearch-6.2.4/bin/elasticsearch?? It actually started on port :9201. But that's a rather scary thing because as you jump between project in different tabs or you might not notice that you have Elasticsearch running with docker-compose somewhere.

To remedy this I use this curl one-liner:

$ curl -s localhost:9200 > /dev/null && echo "Already running!" && exit || ./bin/elasticsearch

Now if you try to start a server on a used port it will exit early.

To wrap this up in a script, take this:

#!/bin/bash

set -eo pipefail

hostandport=$1
shift
curl -s "$hostandport" >/dev/null && \
  echo "Already running on $hostandport" && \
  exit 1 || exec "$@"

...and make it an executable called unlessalready.sh and now you can do this:

$ unlessalready.sh localhost:9200 ./bin/elasticsearch